67.7%GC3 content

49.3Effective codons (Nc)

250Coding sequences

3/26GC3 rank here

Scope: nuclear genes only

NCBI table 1 (Standard). Do not apply these frequencies to mitochondrial genes, where AGA, AGG, ATA and TGA carry different meanings. The four reassignments.

What distinguishes this table

The most constrained choice in Bottlenose dolphin is glutamine: of its 2 synonymous codons, CAG takes 80% of the family. Proline sits at the other end, spread almost evenly across its options (evenness 0.97 against 0.72 for glutamine). Those two families are where a codon-optimizer has the most and the least room to move.

Measured across all 59 sense codons, this table correlates most closely with Green anole (lizard) (r = 0.981) and least with Ferret (r = 0.662). A sequence tuned for the first would need little adjustment to move here; one tuned for the second would need a great deal.

Relative to the average across the 26 organisms on this site, Bottlenose dolphin leans hardest on TGC (+0.144 against the mean) and avoids TGT most (-0.144). Those two are the codons that most distinguish this table from the others.

Preferred and avoided codons

Amino acid	Preferred	Freq	RSCU	Avoided	Freq	RSCU
Alanine A	GCC	0.477	1.91	GCA	0.159	0.64
Arginine R	CGG	0.250	1.50	CGT	0.065	0.39
Asparagine N	AAC	0.654	1.31	AAT	0.346	0.69
Aspartate D	GAC	0.648	1.30	GAT	0.352	0.70
Cysteine C	TGC	0.684	1.37	TGT	0.316	0.63
Glutamate E	GAG	0.665	1.33	GAA	0.335	0.67
Glutamine Q	CAG	0.801	1.60	CAA	0.199	0.40
Glycine G	GGC	0.387	1.55	GGT	0.133	0.53
Histidine H	CAC	0.675	1.35	CAT	0.325	0.65
Isoleucine I	ATC	0.605	1.82	ATA	0.139	0.42
Leucine L	CTG	0.464	2.78	CTA	0.044	0.27
Lysine K	AAG	0.623	1.25	AAA	0.377	0.75
Phenylalanine F	TTC	0.665	1.33	TTT	0.335	0.67
Proline P	CCC	0.390	1.56	CCA	0.194	0.78
Serine S	AGC	0.276	1.66	TCA	0.097	0.58
Threonine T	ACC	0.413	1.65	ACT	0.176	0.70
Tyrosine Y	TAC	0.677	1.35	TAT	0.323	0.65
Valine V	GTG	0.515	2.06	GTA	0.065	0.26

Full codon usage table

Amino acid	Codon	Frequency	RSCU
Alanine A	GCC	0.4771	1.908
	GCT	0.1892	0.757
	GCG	0.1746	0.698
	GCA	0.1591	0.636
Arginine R	CGG	0.2496	1.498
	CGC	0.2341	1.405
	AGG	0.2149	1.289
	AGA	0.1510	0.906
	CGA	0.0852	0.511
	CGT	0.0652	0.391
Asparagine N	AAC	0.6540	1.308
Asparagine N	AAT	0.3460	0.692
Aspartate D	GAC	0.6484	1.297
Aspartate D	GAT	0.3516	0.703
Cysteine C	TGC	0.6840	1.368
Cysteine C	TGT	0.3160	0.632
Glutamate E	GAG	0.6654	1.331
Glutamate E	GAA	0.3346	0.669
Glutamine Q	CAG	0.8011	1.602
Glutamine Q	CAA	0.1989	0.398
Glycine G	GGC	0.3871	1.548
	GGG	0.2860	1.144
	GGA	0.1944	0.778
	GGT	0.1326	0.530
Histidine H	CAC	0.6752	1.350
Histidine H	CAT	0.3248	0.650
Isoleucine I	ATC	0.6051	1.815
	ATT	0.2555	0.766
	ATA	0.1394	0.418
Leucine L	CTG	0.4635	2.781
	CTC	0.2274	1.364
	TTG	0.1133	0.680
	CTT	0.1012	0.607
	TTA	0.0502	0.301
	CTA	0.0444	0.266
Lysine K	AAG	0.6226	1.245
Lysine K	AAA	0.3774	0.755
Methionine M	ATG	1.0000	1.000
Phenylalanine F	TTC	0.6647	1.329
Phenylalanine F	TTT	0.3353	0.671
Proline P	CCC	0.3897	1.559
	CCT	0.2174	0.870
	CCG	0.1988	0.795
	CCA	0.1941	0.776
Serine S	AGC	0.2764	1.658
	TCC	0.2524	1.514
	TCT	0.1430	0.858
	AGT	0.1304	0.782
	TCG	0.1006	0.604
	TCA	0.0971	0.583
Threonine T	ACC	0.4132	1.653
	ACG	0.2178	0.871
	ACA	0.1931	0.772
	ACT	0.1759	0.704
Tryptophan W	TGG	1.0000	1.000
Tyrosine Y	TAC	0.6768	1.354
Tyrosine Y	TAT	0.3232	0.646
Valine V	GTG	0.5151	2.060
	GTC	0.3044	1.218
	GTT	0.1160	0.464
	GTA	0.0645	0.258

Provenance

Computed from 250 RefSeq coding sequences for Tursiops truncatus, sampled and counted codon by codon. Frequencies are relative within each amino acid family. Page generated 2026-08-09.

The full derivation of GC3, RSCU and the effective number of codons, along with the limits of each, is set out once in the methods note rather than repeated on every page.

Use this table

Nucleora codon-optimizes a coding sequence against this table directly, then folds the result and reports where structure would interfere with expression.

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